Chapter 1
CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS OF CHAPTER 1
Ques1.Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks
float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called _____________.
(b) The first step before growing crops is _____________ of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would _____________ on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and _____________ and _____________ from the soil are essential.
Solution
1. The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called 1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called _____________.
(b) The first step before growing crops is _____________ of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would _____________ on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and _____________ and _____________ from the soil are essential.
Soln:
a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called the crop.
(b) The first step before growing crops is the preparation of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would float on top of the water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.
Ques 2. Match items in column A with those in column B.
| A | B |
| (i) Kharif crops | (a) Food for cattle |
| (ii) Rabi crops | (b) Urea and superphosphate |
| (iii) Chemical fertilisers | (c) Animal excreta, cow dung urine and plant wastes |
| (iv) Organic manure | (d) Wheat, gram, pea |
| (e) Paddy and maize |
sol:-
| (i) Kharif crops. | (e) Paddy and maize. |
| (ii) Rabi crops. | (d) Wheat, gram, pea. |
| (iii) Chemical fertilisers. | (b) Urea and superphosphate. |
| (iv) Organic manure. | (c) Animal excreta, cow dung urine and plant wastes. |
(a) Kharif crop
(b) Rabi crop
Soln:
Kharif crops- Paddy and maize
Rabi crops- Wheat and Pea
4. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil
(b) Sowing
(c) Weeding
(d) Threshing
(a) Prepration of Soil :- The preparation of soil is the first step before growing a crop.One of the most important tasks in agriculture is to turn the soil and losen it.This allows the roots to penetrate deep in to the soil. The loosened soils helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes which are friends of the farmers and add humus to it. Also,turning and loosening of soil brings the nutrient rich soil to the top so that plants can use these nutrients.
(b) Sowing :- Sowing is the most important part of crop production.Before sowing,good quality seeds are selected. Good quality seeds are clean and healthy seeds of a good variety. Seeds can be sown by seed drill or manually.
(c) Weeding :- Weeds are unwanted plants that grown along with crops and removal of weeds is known as Weeding. Weeds can be removed either manually or by using tools like khurpi or by using weedicides like 2,4-D. These are sprayed in the fields to kill the weeds.
(d) Thresing :- The process of seperation of the grain from the chaff is called Thresing. This is carried out with the help of a machine called 'combine' which is in fact of a combined harvester and thresher.
5. Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.
Solution:-
| Fertilizers | Manure |
| Fertilizer is an inorganic salt | Manure is an natural substance obtained by the decomposition of cattle dung,human waste and plant residue |
| Fertilizers are prepared artificially | nure is obtained by decomposition of animal, plant and human waste. |
| Prepared in factories. | Prepared in fields. |
| Does not provide Humus to the soil. | Provide humus to the soil. |
| Rich in plant nutrients. | Relatively less plant nutrients. |
6. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
Solution :- The supply of water to crops at different intervals is called irrigation. The two methods of irrigation which conserve water are as follows :-
(i) Sprinkler system: Under this method,the perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. When water is allowed through main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump,it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crops as if it is raining.
(ii) Drip system: In this system, the water falls drop by drop just at the position of the root . It is the best technique for watering fruit plants ,gardens and trees.Water is not wasted at all.It is a boon in regions where availability of water is poor.
7. If wheat is sown in the Kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Soltion:
Wheat is a rabi crop, hence it requires cold climatic conditions to be grown properly.If it is sown in the kharif season,it will not grown or may get destroyed due to excessive rains in the kharif season.
8. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Solution:
Soil supplies mineral nutrients to the crop.Without optimum nutrients plants will die. Continuous plantation of crops results in depletion of certain nutrients like Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium etc. This results in the decrease of yield due to loss of nutrients hence there should be a gap between crops in order to get a good yield.
9. What are weeds? How can we control them?
Soln:
In a field many other undesirable plants may grow naturally along with the crop. These undesirable plants are called weeds. Weeds can be controlled by methods called weeding. Tilling before sowing of crops helps in uprooting and killing of weeds, which may then dry up and get mixed with the soil. Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals, called weedicides.
10. Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
Soln:
11. Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.
Down
1. Providing water to the crops.
2. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions.
5. Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.
Across
3. A machine used for cutting the matured crop.
4. A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.
6. A process of separating the grain from chaff.
Soln:
This is the complete solution of CHAPTER 1 CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT of CLASS 8 SCIENCE (NCERT) according to latest CBSE syllabus 2020-21.
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The topics covered in chapter 1 of class 8 science are given below
1. Animal Husbandry. 7.Sowing
2.Crop. 8.Storage
3.Fertiliser. 9. Thresing
4. Harvesting. 10. Weeds
5. Irrigation 11.Weedicides
6 .Manure 12.Winnowing
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